What is the primary cause of spina bifida?

The primary cause of spina bifida is the incomplete closure of the vertebral arches during fetal development. This condition arises when the neural tube, which develops into the spine and brain, fails to close completely. As a result, the spinal canal remains open, and this can lead to a range of physical and neurological complications. While factors like infection during pregnancy, vitamin deficiencies, or genetic defects can play a role in the overall risk of spina bifida, the fundamental issue at play is the physical failure of the vertebral arches to seal properly, making this the most direct cause of the condition. Understanding this process is crucial in both prevention and education surrounding spina bifida.